Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Life history & famous works

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was a British-born political activist, writer, and philosopher who played a significant role in the American and French Revolutions. Here are some key points about his life and famous works:

1. Early Life and Connection with Benjamin Franklin: Paine was born in Britain in 1737 and had limited formal education. He worked various low-paid jobs and eventually met Benjamin Franklin, who encouraged him to move to America.
2. Emigration to America: Paine emigrated to America in late 1774 and became involved in American political life. He edited the Pennsylvania Magazine and advocated for complete independence from Britain, rather than just fighting against unfair taxation.
3. “Common Sense” (1776): Paine anonymously published “Common Sense,” a political pamphlet that had a significant impact on the American Revolution. The pamphlet blamed British monarch George III for the suffering of the colonies and made a compelling case for independence. It played a crucial role in shaping revolutionary sentiment.
4. “The American Crisis”: Paine followed “Common Sense” with a series of pamphlets called “The American Crisis.” These writings were meant to boost morale among American troops during the Revolution.
5. “Rights of Man” (1791): Paine wrote “Rights of Man” during his time participating in the French Revolution as a member of the French National Assembly. In Part 1, he dedicated the work to George Washington and responded to conservative criticism of the French Revolution. Part 2 discusses principles of government, advocating for a constitutional republic.
6. “The Age of Reason” (1794, 1795, 1807): “The Age of Reason” is Paine’s work on religion, divided into three parts. Inspired by freethinkers, Paine questions organized religion, the sacredness of the Bible, and the idea of hereditary government. The book was seen by many as atheistic and faced condemnation.

Thomas Paine’s works, particularly “Common Sense,” played a crucial role in shaping revolutionary sentiment in America and France. He challenged traditional beliefs and advocated for independence, republicanism, and religious freedom. Paine’s writings had a lasting impact on political thought and continue to be influential in discussions of democracy and human rights.

Read American Literature: American Literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine