{"id":11,"date":"2020-10-11T17:29:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-11T11:59:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-06-29T15:44:12","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T10:14:12","slug":"teaching-methodology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/witcritic.com\/index.php\/teaching-methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching Methodology: Methods and Principles"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Teaching Methodology<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/witcritic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Teaching-Aptitude.png?resize=300%2C169&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Teaching Methodology\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/witcritic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Teaching-Aptitude.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/witcritic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Teaching-Aptitude.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/witcritic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Teaching-Aptitude.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">There are different types of teaching methods which can be categorized into <span style=\"color: #2b00fe;\">four <\/span>broad types.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800180; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Teacher-centered methods,<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800180; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Learner-centered methods,<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800180; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Content-focused methods and<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800180; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Interactive\/participative methods.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #38761d; font-size: large;\">Instructor\/Teacher Centered Methods<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Here the teacher casts himself\/herself in the role of being a master of the subject matter. The teacher is looked upon by the learners as an expert or an authority.\u00a0 Learners, on the <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">other<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>hand,are presumed to be passive and copious recipients of knowledge from the teacher.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"color: #274e13;\">Learner-Centered Methods<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">In learner-centered\u00a0methods, the teacher\/instructor is both a teacher and a learner at the <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">same <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">time. In the words of Lawrence Stenhouse, the teacher plays a dual role as a learner as well \u201cso<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">that<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">in<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">his<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">classroom<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">extends<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">rather<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">than<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">constricts<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">his<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">intellectual<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">horizons\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #274e13; font-size: large;\">Content-Focused Methods<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In this category of methods, both the teacher and the learners have to fit into the content that <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.3pt;\">is <\/span>taught. Generally, this means the information and skills to be taught are regarded as sacrosanct<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>or very important. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A lot of emphases are laid on the clarity and careful analyses of content. Both the teacher and the learnerscannot alter or become criticalof anything to do with the content.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #38761d; font-size: large;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Interactive\/Participative Methods<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">This fourth category borrows a bit from the three other methods without necessarily laying emphasis unduly on the learner, content or teacher. These methods are driven by the situational analysis of what is the most appropriate thing for us to learn\/do now given the situation <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.3pt;\">of <\/span>learners and the teacher. They require a participatory understanding of varied domains and factors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #741b47; font-size: large;\">THE LECTURE METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A formal or semi-formal discourse in which the instructor presents a series of events, facts, or principles, explores a problem or explains relationships.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span>It creates new ideas. It is good for a large class. Students give their views at the\u00a0 end\u00a0 of the lecture. The teacher is experienced and has mastery on the subject, explain all points and can answer all questionsraised by students.Students can ask if they need any clarification.<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">USES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To orient students.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To introduce a subject.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To give directions on procedures. To present basic material.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To introduce a demonstration, discussion or performance.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> To illustrate the application of rules, principles, or concepts.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To review, clarifies, emphasize or summarize<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #274e13; font-size: large;\">ADVANTAGE<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Saves time<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Permits <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">fl<span style=\"mso-text-raise: .5pt; position: relative; top: -.5pt;\">exibility.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">requires less rigid space requirement. Permits adaptability.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Permits versatility.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Permits better centre over contact and sequence.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">DISADVANTAGES<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Involves one-way communication Poses problems in skill teaching.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00a0Encourages<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>student<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: .9pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -.1pt;\">passiveness.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Poses difficulty in gauging studentreaction.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Require highly skilled instructors.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">THE DISCUSSION METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A method in which group discussion techniques are used to reach instructional objectives.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span>Students listen to other\u2019s opinion&amp; express Discusswith teachers the points that were Students learn on their own &amp; find out key ideas. Students exchange their ideas. Students get point of view of all and not on after discussion when students give their ideas teacher corrects their mistakes. Students can make their own notes.<\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">USES<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To develop imaginative solutions to problem To stimulate thinking and interest and to se To emphasize main teaching points.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Determine how well the student understands concepts and principle To prepare students for application of the theory of procedure.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To supplement lectures, reading &amp; laboratory exercises. To summarize, clarify points or review.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">ADVANTAGES<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Increase student\u2019s interest<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Increases students\u2019 acceptance and commitment Utilizes student knowledge and experience.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Results in more permanent learning because high degree of student participation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">DISADVANTAGES<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Require highly skilled instructor.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">requires preparation by the student.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Limits content.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Consumes time.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">restricts the size of groups.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">THE POGRAMMED INSTRUCTION METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A method of self-instruction<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">\u00a0provide remedial instruction.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide make-up instruction for late arrivals,absentees, or transients.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Maintain previously learned skills which are not performedfrequently enough.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide retraining on equipment and procedures which have become obsolete.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Upgrade production.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Accelerate capable students.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Provide enough common background among students.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide the review and practice of knowledge and skills.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">USES\/ADVANTAGES<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Reduce failure rate.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Improves end-of-course proficiency.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Saves time.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Provides for self-instruction.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">DISADVANTAGE<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Require local or commercial<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Preparation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Requires lengthy programmer training.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Increases expenses.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Requires considerable lead time.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">THE STUDY ASSIGNMENT METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A method in which the instructor assignsreading to books,periodicals, project or research papers or exercises for the practice.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">To<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">orient<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">students<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">to<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">a<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">topic<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">prior<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">to<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">classroom<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">or<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Laboratory<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">work.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">It enhances the ability of research on any topic as the student\u2019s search topic <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.15pt;\">from<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">different books, webs Active learning<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To set the stage for a lecture demonstration or discussion.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide for or capitalize on individual differences in ability, background, or experience<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>through differed<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide for the review of material covered in class or to give practice.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To provide enrichment material.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">The Tutorial Method<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A method of instruction in which an instructor works directly with an individual student.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To reach highly complicated skills operations or operations involving danger <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.35pt;\">or<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">expensive equipment.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Provide individualized remedial assistance<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">THE SEMINAR METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A tutorial arrangement involving the instructor and groups, rather than instructor<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To providegeneral guidance for a group working on an advancedstudy or research<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>project.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To exchangeinformation on techniques and approaches being explored by members <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.35pt;\">of<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">a study or research group.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To developnew and imaginative solutions to problems under study by the group.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">THE DEMONSTRATION METHOD<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A method of instruction wherethe instructor by actually performing an operation or doing a <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.2pt;\">job <\/span>showsthe students what to do, how to do it, and throughexplanations brings out why, where, and when it is done.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To teach manipulative operations or procedures.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To teach troubleshooting.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To illustrate principles.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To teach operation or functioning of equipment.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To teach teamwork.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To set standards of workmanship.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">To teach safety procedures<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Brainstorming<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">More interesting<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">More informative<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Gain knowledge<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Learning is effective<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">More participation of students<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Students give their opinion<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Active learning<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Creative thinking is encouraged.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Students think beyond their knowledge.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Everyone gets the chance to express their thoughts.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Simple topics can be learnt from different angles.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Role play<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Interesting method<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Creative thinking is encouraged.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Students think beyond their knowledge.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Students enjoy the situation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Active learning<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Easy to learn<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Case study<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Active learning<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Creative thinking is encouraged.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;\">Students think beyond their knowledge.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">(Details on Digital Initiative in Higher Education through NMEICT has been covered in another post)<\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM)<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">SWAYAM is an indigenous (Made in India) IT Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Platform for providing best quality education that can be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere using the IT system. The Concept of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) involves online delivery of interactive learning content to large number of people simultaneously. It allows sharing of best quality education with everyone, thereby bringing in equity as far as the quality of education is concerned. SWAYAM platform is developed by Ministry of Human Resource <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Development (MHRD) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) with the help of\u00a0<\/span>Microsoft.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s ultimately capable of hosting 2000 courses and 80000 hours of learning: covering school, undergraduate, post-graduate, engineering, law and other professional courses. All the courses on this platform are interactive, prepared by the best teachers in the country and are available, free of cost to the students in India.<\/p>\n<h3><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">SWAYAM Prabha: the 32 Educational DTH Channels<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<div><span lang=\"EN-US\">The SWAYAM PRABHA is a group of 32 DTH channels devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational programmes on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite. Every day, there will be new content for at least (4) hours which would be repeated 5 more times in a day, allowingthe students to choose the time of their convenience. The channels are uplinked from BISAG, Gandhinagar. The contents are provided by NPTEL, IITs, UGC, CEC, IGNOU, NCERTand <\/span>NIOS. The INFLIBNET Centre maintains the web portal.<\/div>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS AND SUPPORT SYSTEM<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Traditional education, also known as back-to- basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs that society traditionally used in schools. The back-to-basics traditional education method, also known as \u2018chalk &amp; talk method\u2019 This old fashioned way of teaching was all about the recitation and memorization techniques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">The traditional role of teaching focuses on the teacher as organizers<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>of<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>learning<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>activity, providers of information and experts of knowledge. The teacher carries too<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>much<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -.35pt;\">of<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>responsibility for teaching in the classroom to make sure everything they are teaching <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.35pt;\">is <\/span>understood by the students. Teacher is also responsible to control class where the<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>teacher teaches using blackboard, explains concepts, asks students to<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>copy<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>and<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>makes<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>sure<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -.2pt;\">that<\/span> students are paying attention This technique of teaching is a one-way Follow of information <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.45pt;\">in <\/span>which the teacher often continuously talks for an hour or more expecting that when he asks a question, the students will able to reproduce the same thing that he was talking about.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">MODERN AND ICT BASED TEACHING METHODS<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Gone are the days of blackboard and chalk \u2026it all replaced by LCD Projectors &amp; interactive\u00a0<\/span>whiteboards in the classroom. When we talk about the modern or ICT based education system\u00a0 it\u2019sinclude full fledgedusages of high tech equipmentin the educational institutions.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is the mode of education that uses information and communications technology to support, enhance, and optimize the delivery of information.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Below are few key teaching techniques based on Modern and ICT Based teaching methods.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Flipped Classroom \u2013 It\u2019s allowingstudents to go beyond their normal boundaries and explore the lesson before teacher describes them in class-room.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Design Thinking &amp; Creative ideas \u2013 This involves real life case to increase the curiosity, analytical skills and creativity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Mind Maps \u2013 Use of self-learning tools<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Gamification \u2013 Learn through the play using quizzes and hunt ideas<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Free online Learning Tools<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">ICT Based TeachingMethods \u2013 VirtualReality , VirtualLabs , Open educational Resources<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Learning Management system (LMS) &amp; Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Evaluation system<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In any education system evaluation is a critical part. Evaluation basically means the judgment about the student by the teacher, but these judgment is really, really tough. Evaluation is an interwoven activity in the process of teaching and learning. Nowadays evaluation by using the multiple-choice questions type is better than the broad question.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #243d60; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Principles of evaluation<\/span><\/b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Student evaluation in the teaching-learning processes must be well planned, <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.25pt;\">goal <\/span>oriented and continuous. One piece of paper cannotevaluate a student\u2019s ability. So it isbetter that evaluation must be done inside the classroom throughout the semester. <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.15pt;\">Following <\/span>are some rules regarding evaluation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">The processof evaluation should be informedproperly to all the student<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Evaluation must be continuous process.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Evaluation should be sensitiveto learners and must not be biased.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">At the end of the day evaluation must be reliablejudgment to student<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #243d60; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Difference between evaluation and assessment<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">In teaching-learning process. The terms evaluation and assessment are used interchangeably, but there is some inherent difference between these two terms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;\">Assessment<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Assessment is a preliminary phase in the evaluation process. A student can be<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>assessed by using the multiple sources like<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>class<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>test,<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>assignment,<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>presentations, quiz, brainstorming session.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #243d60; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Evaluation<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Evaluation is the action in the entireprocess that allowsteachers to make a judgment based on assessment records with reference to learning objectives. Assessment without evaluation <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.15pt;\">has<\/span> no purpose. <span style=\"letter-spacing: -.15pt;\">Following<\/span> are the different evaluation techniques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Written<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; position: relative; top: -1pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">test<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Classroom activities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Assignment<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Project tasks<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Laboratory activities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Social activities<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Normally, there are four types of evaluation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Criteria referenced evaluation:<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Formative<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.7pt; position: relative; top: -1pt;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">evaluation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Norm referenced evaluation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;\">Summative evolution<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"color: #783f04; font-size: large;\">CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM IN HIGHER EDUCATION<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">As already mentioned above, most of the educational institutions follow marks or percentage based evaluation systems which restrict the students to take up<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>the<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>subject<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>or<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>the<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>course of their choice. Our educational system should be flexible that is, the student must get a choice to study his\/her course\/subject of interest. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">It can only be possible if the Choice Based Credit <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">System (CBCS) are being introduced. The CBCS opens up many opportunities and path for the students to learn and explore not only the subject of their choice but beyond which also develops ones individual self. These courses can further be e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">valuated through grading system, which is considered to be better than the age old marking system. It is better if we introduce and follow the uniform grading system across India which will further help the students to move across institutions within India and across countries.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read Also:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/witcritic.com\/index.php\/research-methodology\/\">Research Methodolgy- Elements of Resesrch<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffalo.edu\/catt\/develop\/design\/teaching-methods.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.buffalo.edu\/catt\/develop\/design\/teaching-methods.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teaching Methodology There are different types of teaching methods which can be categorized into four broad types. Teacher-centered methods, Learner-centered [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow3MbQCw:productID":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[23,19,18,17,15,16,22,14,20,21],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ugc-net","tag-cbcs","tag-discussion-method","tag-learner-centered-teaching","tag-lecture-method","tag-methods-of-teaching","tag-principles-in-teaching-methodolgy","tag-swayam","tag-teaching-methodlogy","tag-tutorial-method","tag-what-is-brainstorming"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/witcritic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Teaching-Aptitude.png?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":12,"url":"https:\/\/witcritic.com\/index.php\/teaching-aptitude\/","url_meta":{"origin":11,"position":0},"title":"Teaching Aptitude: Objectives &#038; Characteristics","author":"witcritic","date":"October 11, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Teaching Aptitude \u00a0 TEACHING \u00b7Teaching is a process in which one individual teaches or instruct another individual. 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